Author Archives: biomedin

PROCESING THE RADIOGRAPH-DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING NOTES

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THIS IS THE BEST ARTICLE ON PROCESSING THE RADIOGRAPH AS FAR AS DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING IS CONCERNED

SUMMARY HAS BEEN GIVEN BELOW

FULL ARTICLE CAN BE DOWNLOADED FROM THIS LINK GIVEN BELOW IT IS REALLY INFORMATIVE AND EASY TO LEARN

IT IS A SURE SHOT QUESTION OF MDU ROHTAKL ALSO.

DOWNLOAD LINK

SUMMARY

When an X-ray film has been exposed, it must be processed in order to produce a

permanent visible radiographic image that can be kept without deterioration for a number of

years. Processing transforms the latent image into a visible image. The term for the

several procedures that collectively produce the visible, permanent image is processing

and consists of developing, rinsing, fixing, washing and drying procedures

How the Body Handles Drugs USING Kidney and Liver-INTERESTING FACT

Concentrations of Drugs in the Blood are a Balance Between Input and Output

  • The concentrations of all chemicals in your body are the result of a balance between input and output.
  • For drugs the input is usually a steady injection through an intravenous (IV) line or a periodic uptake through pills taken at regular intervals.
  • The output of drugs is mainly through 2 organs, the liver and kidney.
  • When the output equals the input a steady-state is attained and the concentration will no longer change:

SHORT NOTES ON DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING-BIOMEDICAL NOTES

IMAGE   PROCESSING

In this article, the basics of capturing an image, image processing to modify and enhance the image are discussed. There are many applications for Image Processing like surveillance, navigation, and robotics. Robotics is a very interesting field and promises future development so it is chosen as an example to explain the various aspects involved in Image Processing .

THE HEART AS A PUMP-CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM TUTORIAL

The Right and Left Hearts are Connected in Series, but are Folded Together to Form a Single Unit

  • The right heart pumps blood only to the lungs; its output is low pressure (25 mm Hg)
  • The left heart pumps blood to the rest of the body; its output is high pressure (120 mm Hg)
  • Because the 2 hearts are attached they beat in synchrony
  • The 2 atria receive the incoming blood- they pump extra blood into the ventricles

OXYGEN CARRIED IN BLOOD WHEN PERSON IS AT HIGH ALTITUDE-TUTORIAL PHYSIOLOGY

Oxygen Uptake in the Lungs is Increased About 70X by Hemoglobin in the Red Cells

  • In the lungs oxygen must enter the blood
  • A small amount of oxygen dissolves directly in the serum, but 98.5% of the oxygen is carried by hemoglobin
  • All of the hemoglobin is found within the red blood cells (RBCs or erythrocytes)
  • The hemoglobin content of the blood is about 15 gm/deciliter (deciliter = 100 mL)
  • Red cell count is about 5 million per microliter

Each Hemoglobin Can Bind Four O2 Molecules (100% Saturation)

MECHANISMS IN KIDNEY-TUTORIAL HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

Section of cortex of human kidney.

Image via Wikipedia

Basic Kidney Anatomy

  • Kidneys paired, about 150 gm each
  • Urine forming units:
    • Cortex
    • Medulla (lobed: renal pyramids)
    • Cortex and medulla composed chiefly of nephrons and blood vessels
    • Supplied by renal arteries (branches of descending aorta) and renal veins (branches of inferior vena cava)
  • Urine collecting and expelling units:
    • Calyces
    • Renal pelvises
    • Ureters
    • Bladder
    • Urethra

Although the Kidneys are Tiny Organs They Receive 25% of the Cardiac Output