Category Archives: HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

HUMAN ANATOMY VIDEO LECTURES NOTES

GENERAL HUMAN ANATOMY

SKELTAL SYSTEM

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

HEMATOLOGY

BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

RESPIRATION SYSTEM

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RESPIRATION SYSTEM

NEUROHISTOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

SPINAL CORD AND NERVES

PERIPHERAL NERVES

SENSORY AND MOTOR PATHWAYS

MOTOR PATHWAYS AND FOREBRAIN

FOREBRAIN

EYE

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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

URINARY SYSTEM

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

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ANATOMY AND MECHANICS OF RESPIRATION-TUTORIAL

The Respiratory System is Designed to Bring in Oxygen and Remove Carbon Dioxide

  • A person with an average ventilation rate of 7.5 L/min will breathe in and out 10,800 liters of gas each day
  • From this gas the person will take in about 420 liters of oxygen (19 moles/day) and will give out about 340 liters of carbon dioxide (15 moles/day)
  • The ratio of CO2 expired/O2 inspired is called the respiratory quotient (RQ)
    • RQ = CO2 out/O2 in = 340/420 = 0.81
    • In cellular respiration of glucose CO2 out = O2 in; RQ = 1

SKIN BARRIER AND TEMPERATURE CONTROL IN HUMAN BODY-PHYSIOLOGY TUTORIAL

The Skin is a Composite of 3 Layers

  • This diagram is from the copyright-free collection, The Sourcebook of Medical Illustration, edited by Peter Cull (Park Ridge, NJ: Parthenon, 1989).
  • Epidermis: outermost layer, mostly dead keratinized cells (stratified squamous epithelium). No blood vessels, gets nutrition from dermis. Dead cells slough off and are replaced by dividing cells in the stratum basale. Half life of skin cells about 35 days.
  • Dermis: contains blood vessels, nerves, sensory receptors for touch, pressure, hot, cold, pain. Also has hair follicles and sweat glands. All this is imbedded in fibrous connective tissue.

ACTION POTENTIAL & NERVES-TUTORIAL

In saltatory conduction, an action potential a...

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Nerves Have Axons, Dendrites and Cell Bodies

  • Nerve cells are designed to respond to stimuli and transmit information over long distances
  • Nerve cell has 3 parts:
    • Cell body:
      • Has single nucleus
      • Has most of nerve cell metabolism, especially protein synthesis
      • Proteins made in cell body must be delivered to other parts of nerve
    • Axon:
      • Long cylinder, designed to transmit an electrical impulse
      • Can be several meters long in vertebrates (giraffe axons go from head to tip of spine)
      • Has axonal transport system for delivering proteins to ends of cell

How the Body Handles Drugs USING Kidney and Liver-INTERESTING FACT

Concentrations of Drugs in the Blood are a Balance Between Input and Output

  • The concentrations of all chemicals in your body are the result of a balance between input and output.
  • For drugs the input is usually a steady injection through an intravenous (IV) line or a periodic uptake through pills taken at regular intervals.
  • The output of drugs is mainly through 2 organs, the liver and kidney.
  • When the output equals the input a steady-state is attained and the concentration will no longer change: