LECTURE NOTES ON MEDICAL ELECTRONICS

1. Introduction to Medical Electronics

• Lecture notes 1a

  • what are medical devices

  • some characteristics of medical electronics

• Lecture notes 1b

  • electromagnetic compatibility and interference

  • noise: internal and external

  • noise coupling model: capacitive through stray capacitance and inductive through mutual inductance

• references:

  • H. Ott: Noise reduction techniques in electronic systems. Chapter 1.Introduction

2. Coupling mechanisms of external noise

• Lecture notes 2a

  • coupling through fields

  • coupling conductively

  • other mechanisms

• Lecture notes 2b

  • example: noise factors in the recording of the ECG

• references:

  • P.J. Fish: Electronic Noise and Low Noise design: Chapter 3. Noise Connected with Layout or Construction

  • Webster: Medical Instrumentaion. Chapter 6. Biopotential amplifiers

3. Biopotential electrodes

• Lecture notes 3

  • electrochemical basis of electrodes

  • equivalent circuit

  • electrode-skin interface

  • electrode noise

4. Cabling and grounding

• Lecture notes 4a

  • effect of shielded cables on capacitive coupling

  • effect of shielded cables on inductive coupling

• Lecture notes 4b

  • grounding principles

  • ground loops

5. Intrinsic noise sources

• Lecture notes 5

  • thermal noise

  • shot noise

  • flicker noise

6. Active device noise

• Lecture notes 6

  • noise factor

  • noise voltage and current model

  • equivalent input noise voltage

  • signal-to-noise ratio

7. Amplifiers, opamps, parameters

• Lecture notes

8. Amplifier noise, special issues related to the biopotential amplifier, isolation

• Lecture notes 1

• Lecture notes 2

9. Patient safety

• Lecture notes

10. Bioimpedance

• Lecture notes

11. Holter recording, Pacemakers

• Lecture notes

12. Sleep recording technologies – Lecturer: Atte Joutsen

• Lecture notes

  -sleep recordings in Tampere University Hospital

  -sensors, recorders, software