Author Archives: biomedin

WHY SEX? -SEXUAL REPRODUCTION-TECHNICAL POINT OF VIEW FOR DISCUSSION

The sexual cycle
Image via Wikipedia

Sex is Very Costly

  • Large amounts of energy required to find a mate and do the mating: specialized structures and behavior required
  • Intimate contact provides route for infection by parasites (AIDS, syphillis, etc.)
  • Genetic costs: in sex you pass on only half your genes to your children
  • Males are an expensive luxury- in most species they contribute little to rearing offspring

But There are Some Advantages

  • More genetic diversity: more potential for survival of species when environmental conditions change
    • Shuffling of genes in meiosis
    • Crossing-over in meiosis

ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF HEART-TUTORIALS

Electrical Activity and EKG

The Cardiac Action Potential Has a Prolonged Refractory Period

  • Heart action potential has a prolonged spike (depolarized)
  • Membrane is refractory for a long time
  • This prevents summation and gives the heart time to fill

All Parts of the Heart Beat Spontaneously

  • Heart muscle does not require stimulation by a nerve
  • Nerves usually inhibit the heart beat; cutting the nerves -> heart speeds up
  • Beat originates as a depolarization in the heart muscle cell itself (self stimulation)
  • All parts of the heart can beat spontaneously

SYNAPSES AND NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTIONS OF NEURONS-TUTORIAL

Chemical Transmitters Carry the Signal Across Synapses & Neuromuscular Junctions

  • A contact between 2 nerves is called a synapse
  • At the synapse there is a break in electrical transmission (the action potential cannot cross)- instead chemicals are released that carry the signal to the next nerve
    • The release of chemical transmitters at nerve endings was first shown by Otto Loewi in the frog heart
  • A neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a contact between a nerve and a muscle- it is like a synapse, the action potential stops and the signal is carried by a chemical

MUSCLE CONTRACTION-MECHANICS-BIOMECHANICS NOTES

Muscles Are Organized Into Motor Units

  • When a single nerve enters a muscle it splits and makes neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) with several muscle cells
  • A nerve and the muscle cells it makes NMJs with is called a motor unit
  • When the nerve fires the whole motor unit is stimulated and the muscle cells contract together
  • Muscles with large motor units have coarse movements
  • Muscles with small motor units give fine, graded movements
  • This is a small motor unit with only 3 muscle fibersTwo Basic Types of Contraction Are Isotonic and Isometric

FUTURE OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING IN INDIA PERTAINING BRAIN DRAIN

As we know today in India we think that only those branches of engineering are important which are job oriented and others have no meaning for us.This has acted like a sabotage for the development of biomedical in the country

A surgical team from Wilford Hall Medical Cent...
Image via Wikipedia

We can see easily that today people prefer to go outside the country after doing biomedical engineering for the purpose of post-graduation so that they can secure a good job there as in the world of developed nations people of our country are ready to mould themselves according to the circumstances present there. I personally feel that brain drain of biomedical engineers to west is taking place because of the lack of resources in our country and laziness of our leaders as well as students for the promotion of the resources  available in the country

NACO-Research Fellowship Scheme, India

ORGANIZER

National AIDS Control Organisation

ELIGIBILITY

PG Students enrolled for full-time MD/MPhil/PhD degree program in relevant disciplines from any recognized Indian University/Institute below 35 years.

DESCRIPTION

NACO invites applications from young researchers to provide opportunity and incentive to pursue quality and need based research in HIV/AIDS in bio-medical/clinical, epidemiological, behavioral and social disciplines.NACO Research Fellowship grant will be given to the respective Institution/Department in full for the awardees students. NACO will award up to 20 Fellowships per year for financial assistance. NACO will consider applications received through proper channel only with a certificate on official letter-head duly recommended by the Guide/Supervisor and Head of the Department/Institute where the candidate proposes to work.