The TechnoCracy (Technical Committee) of NIT Raipur brings you Vigyan……
Vigyan invites participants from various branches to apply their domain specific knowledge to the problems for the betterment of Human society…..!!!!
Here are the problem Statements for Biomedical Engg. Domain:-
1. Design a Blind Stick285 million people are visually impaired worldwide according to WHO statistics. A huge chunk of this people lives in the developing world. Scientists and engineers all over the world are going beyond the boundaries of their disciplines to innovate and come up with solutions for addressing the needs of the visually impaired people. The challenge is to design a path navigating stick to guide the visually impaired patients.
The heart is a complex three-dimensional structure with mechanical properties that are inhomogeneous, non-linear, time-variant and anisotropic. These properties affect major physiological factors within the heart, such as the pumping performance of the ventricles, the oxygen demand in the tissue and the distribution of coronary blood flow.
During the cardiac cycle the heart muscle tissue is deformed as a consequence of the active contraction of the muscle fibers and their relaxation respectively. A mapping of this deformation would give increased understanding of the mechanical properties of the heart. The deformation induces strain and stress in the tissue which are both mechanical properties and can be described with a mathematical tensor object.
The smell of burnt flesh rises in the operating theatre and the smoke from vaporised tissue is sucked away. But these fumes are diverted into a machine that tells the surgeon exactly what is being cut into, guiding the rest of the operation. This is “smart surgery“, and it holds the potential to transform medicine. This is the first NMR spectrometer in the world which does the work of a histologist.who identifies the tissue being cut/taken out.
Scientists have been searching for a cure for diabetes for long, and now they have indications that it may be lurking somewhere in the stomach. Doctors have found that several diabetics who underwent bariatric surgery (stomach reduction) to treat obesity, have shown reduction in blood sugar levels. Now, they are studying the unforeseen positive impact of the surgery to see if a drug could be developed to mimic the effect of a reduced stomach. Quoting studies from Sweden, US and UK, London-based Dr Torsten Olbers, senior consultant, Imperial College, London said diabetics had been cured in many patients over a period of time and in several others there was a substantial improvement in the quality of life. “There have been cases of diabetics (type-2) not needing insulin after a bariatric surgery. Some may take time, while several others need to take only lower doses of insulin after ,” said Dr Olbers who is on a visit to the city. Dr Olbers will be speaking on the effects of bariatric surgery at a workshop organised by Apollo Hospitals on Saturday. Type-2 diabetes, a lifestyle disorder, is usually triggered by obesity and it becomes difficult to maintain sugar levels even with insulin if patients do not lose weight. As a last resort for weight management, one of the three most common bariatric procedures band, bypass or sleeve is performed where the volume of the stomach is reduced intake by at least 80%. Delhi-based diabetologist Dr Anoop Misra says the observation makes sense. “Bariatric surgery results in reduction of agents in the stomach that stimulates appetite. Moreover, it increases some other secretions of the intestine that aid better absorption of insulin,” he says. Dr Prasanna Kumar Reddy of Apollo Hospitals cites the case of his patient M Gowtham. Weighing 163kg, Gowtham had diabetes and hypertension before he underwent a bariatric surgery. “Not only that his weight has come down to 93 kg, his blood sugar has also stabilised without insulin injections,” said Dr Reddy. “I feel like a normal human being now. I do everything I have been just wanting to do for the past 20 years,” said Gowtham. Having seen several such cases, Dr Abeezar Sarla, senior lecturer in surgery at the University of Leeds, said bariatric surgeons should be called metabolic surgeons. Considering the increasing population of people with both obesity and diabetes, it would soon be a common surgery. However, surgeons warn that patients should be chosen carefully for the surgery. “It’s not a surgery for people with normal weight. And there are risks associated with it. At least one in 20 patients can develop complications like bleeding and leakage. It could cause death in one in 500 patients, a risk comparable to any other surgery. And in some people there is even resurgence of obesity,” said Dr Olbers. Read morehttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Weight-reduction-surgery-may-hold-key-to-diabetes-cure/articleshow/6307648.cms#ixzz0weGYbmtm
